Emerald boutique for the inferior system: A goods can change B goods

Recently, there is something in the jewellery and jade industry that makes Tibetan collectors embarrassed. It is a certain media that published the “Qing Dynasty Emerald Qing Dynasty Jadeite. Under the detection of modern machines, 99% will show that it is a B cargo, and "modern jade A cargo will become a B cargo through sweat," and so on. As soon as this phrase came out, many jade collectors were shocked and they contacted reporters to inquire about exactly why, because they spent millions or even tens of millions of yuan to buy high-end jade A goods and accessories, they became B goods or C goods for several years. The surface structure and physical properties of the ore known as “Jade C B cargo” or “Jade C cargo” have undergone corresponding changes. It is no longer a strict sense of jade, and certainly not of collectible value. Preserving or adding value.

The issue of whether the emerald in the Qing dynasty was affected by the bandits and the modern jadeite will be downgraded is too professional. Therefore, the reporter interviewed Dr. Wang Chunyun of the Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry of the Chinese Academy of Sciences and the professor of Sun Yat-sen University and the Baoyu Stone Research Institute of Sun Yat-sen University. Mr. Qiu Zhili, director of the appraisal center, said in unanimously that no matter whether the Qing Dynasty Jade or the modern emerald, they will definitely not be caused by the bandits, sweats, and cosmetics. However, inexperienced and under-trained people tend to misjudge this jadeite as B or C when the test results are not in place.

Clear jade can not be degraded boutique Reporter: Recently, an article entitled "Qing Dynasty jade fine relegation was unraveling the mystery of Jade A cargo B change the mystery" report is extremely hot, but also caused a number of jade collectors panic. As a famous jade scholar born in mineralogy, how do you look at the viewpoint?

Wang Chunyun: The report reveals three levels of content: Jade A's goods that can be tested in the history of the Qing dynasty are now mostly turned into B-goods or even C-goods. This is the so-called 'Qing Dynasty jade fines are relegated to degradation'; modern jade A When the goods are put on for 3 years, they will become B cargoes; natural jade will become B cargoes during the processing with emery. The media used the title “Unraveling the mystery of Jade A's change of B-goods”. It is clear that the expert not only observed these three phenomena, but also unveiled the essence of this change, that is, the body sweat of the jade jewelry wearer or Cosmetics have caused this shift.

I think the facts of this report are wrong and the conclusion is wrong. It will have a very bad influence when it is widely circulated in the industry.

Reporter: The article mentioned: “The jadeite jade that passed through the examination in the Qing Dynasty will show 99% of the goods under the inspection of modern machines. According to expert research, most of the category changes are unearthed jadeite.” Does the mineral in the soil degrade the antique jade?

Qiu Zhili: The unearthed jadeite will change its surface structure and even its appearance due to long-term erosion of soil acidic substances, resulting in observation of a structure resembling B cargo under a 10x magnifying glass or under a microscope. (Inexperienced people are prone to misjudgment.) . The probability of this happening is related to the original texture of jade: the probability of a good texture change is low, and the chance of a bad texture change is high. However, other scientific tests may not show the characteristics of B cargo, so they can be accurately identified. Therefore, the degrading of antique jade by the soil is a general and unscientific expression. Under the detection of modern machines, 99% will show that it is a B cargo.

Jade B cargo has nothing to do with the processing flow Reporter: We know that Jade A cargo is a natural unprocessed jadeite, and Jade B cargo, C cargo, and B+C cargo are all artificially treated jewelry. So what is the specific process of degrading natural jade?

Wang Chunyun: The production process of jadeite is usually processed by using "Yongshui" which is made of intensive, strong **, etc., to soak raw materials or finished jade products. The purpose is to make the original impurities more, the transparency is not high, the appearance is not beautiful, and the cost is very high. The low-quality jadeite is strongly corroded and eroded, which causes the internal structure of jadeite to be severely damaged and become very loose. The emerald, which becomes loose after dissolution, is like a bean curd residue. It can be glued and cemented. It can also be artificially filled with color in the process of plastic injection and purposely dyed. The glue in the glue injection processing process may be an organic glue, which is generally an epoxy resin of various brands and various components, and of course, may also be an inorganic lead glass.

The emerald after the plastic injection treatment has a clear surface and a large degree of transparency. It appears to be full of "heads". If you dye again, bright colors will appear again. In this way, a piece of "water" and "color" seemingly high-grade "Jade" will be produced successfully. The original turbid, inferior jadeite will become transparent and bright, and it can present a "beautiful and beautiful" head and color.

Reporter: It can be seen that turning natural jadeite into jadeite must be followed by strong acid and alkali corrosion. Then the report mentions that "the jadeite mine that was once bought by the Tibetan collectors who had gone to Yunnan to buy it, after some grinding process, the finished product has actually become the B cargo." Is it that the processing flow of Jadeite A will destroy the surface of the emerald? Structure and gloss texture?

Wang Chunyun: It is impossible for natural jadeite to be processed into a B product after being polished. However, natural jade is engraved, processed, and finally passed through a waxing process. Waxing waxes, including waxing and dipping waxes, are all optimized by the industry and are essentially different from the jade-filled emerald treatments.

Waxing is immersing the tightly embroidered jade product in molten paraffin and keeping it for a period of time so that the paraffin wax can be infiltrated along various voids on the surface of the emerald so that the small pits and small pores on the surface of the jadeite can be filled in. The surface gloss and transparency of the fly vinegar are enhanced; the dipping wax is used to soak the original jadeite finished with the surface treatment of the weaker acid, such as bayberry soup, into the molten paraffin and keep the paraffin along the surface of the jade for a period of time. The various gaps are immersed. When emerald immersed in paraffin wax, over time, waxes will age and produce white flowers, which will lead to deterioration of the transparency of jade. At this time, you can restore the past luster by re-waxing. Therefore, although the wax dipping process is slightly different from waxing, it is generally accepted by the industry.

The waxing optimization is obviously different from the pickling and filling treatment. The waxing optimization of the jadeite is not strongly pickled, the surface structure is not damaged, and it does not have a significant impact on the durability of the jadeite, although for some coarse grain beans For Jadeite, because its structure is relatively loose, when the wax is immersed in wax, the transparency of jadeite will decrease due to aging of the wax.

However, the waxes stewed by natural jade and the glue used to process jade are organic polymer materials, so we cannot simply say that as long as the peak of the organic polymer is detected, the jadeite can be declared as B cargo or C cargo. I believe that there may be a considerable portion of modern machine inspection results mentioned in this bizarre report that fall into this type of misjudgment. However, how to accurately distinguish between waxing and filling is scientifically difficult. This is a difficult problem for most commercial laboratories.

The sweat will not completely change the composition of jadeite. Reporter: “Not only was the Qing Dynasty jadeite boutique exorcised by many people, it was relegated to it. After modern jadeite was exposed to soap and sweat, it was also a cargo of A. Even C goods." This can make many jade collectors panicked - people who do not sweat? Once the high-grade jadeite is worn, it becomes a worthless bean curd residue and C cargo. What about this natural jadeite? Also worth the money?

Qiu Zhili: This is also a general and inaccurate statement. The correct expression should be: some of the more general quality of jade (such as what the experts call the bean emerald) is worn by people with strong acidity of the sweat will make its surface structure "eroded", thus showing the surface structure characteristics of similar B cargo , but the change is not the composition of jade, but the appearance of the surface structure of jade. Soap and sweat can not completely change the composition of jade, and it is even more unlikely that there will be a case of A cargo being B cargo or even C cargo. However, those who are inexperienced and not sufficiently trained can easily misjudge them as B or C when the tests are not sufficient.

Wang Chunyun: Regardless of how long the human body wears, no matter how much sweat is excreted or how much it is polluted, no matter what kind of cosmetics it carries, it is impossible to corrode the surface structure of jade, which means that it is impossible for Jade to change from A cargo to B cargo. Therefore, assuming that an emerald in the early Qing Dynasty was transferred through many people's hands, even if it was repeatedly “deafened”, its identification results could not change the nature and natural level. If we say that "the Qing Dynasty emerald in the Qing Dynasty will be detected under the detection of modern machines, 99% will show that it is B goods," then it violates two basic logic: if it is the Qing Dynasty emerald passed down, its test results must be Is A cargo; if the test result is B goods, it must not be circulated to the Qing Dynasty jade. Therefore, no matter how long the jadeite ornaments and ornaments are played, their composition cannot be changed, and they can still be measured according to the ore composition standards.

However, if the jadeite ornaments originally have cracks, the foreign pigments may infiltrate through contact, or may cause physical and chemical changes by artificial coloration, and discoloration may occur. In the late Qing dynasty and the period of **, there had been false acts of physical blemishes and chemical blemishes. However, this kind of tarnish cannot corrode the surface structure of jadeite. Although it belongs to counterfeiting, it still cannot convert Jadeite from A cargo to B cargo or C cargo.

Reporter: However, sweat, soap, and underground minerals will surely have a certain impact on jadeite jade. For example, unearthed ancient jade will often show signs of calcification and dullness. Then, how can we objectively and accurately comment on the subtle changes in jadeite?

Qiu Zhili: Emerald's change of surface structure due to naturally occurring acidic substances actually involves only changes in the “structural appearance”. It does not involve significant changes in the composition of minerals and chemical components. Under normal circumstances, it does not basically involve the obvious physical properties. Changes (exception of severe erosion, the so-called "calcium of ancient jade" problem, in fact, the change of ancient jade is not calcification, this is a more professional problem, not discussed here). That is, their relative density, hardness, etc., are limited in their changes. However, after severe weathering, the composition of jadeite can indeed be decomposed into clay material such as kaolinite.

Reporter: Is there any need to modify the current "Jewelry jade family standards"?

Qiu Zhili: It can be supplemented. Because the current standards for jade jewelry are mainly for the jewellery products in the modern market, there are few considerations for the ancient jade. In the future, the jade jewelry can be supplemented by considering the situation of the ancient jade. However, as the identification of "B goods", besides looking at the surface structure, other physical properties, especially the filling material, will not be seen. Therefore, there will be no major problems.

The Jadeite Appraisal has learned to worry about, A cargo jade can not be transformed into Jade B cargo, C cargo or B+C cargo through human body wear, sweat, cosmetics, etc. Get an emerald and realize that it is A cargo, B cargo, or C cargo is a matter of urgency, because we once said: "Manual processing of jade (B cargo and C cargo) has no collection value." At present, observation of jadeite with a magnifying glass The surface structure and color distribution characteristics are internationally accepted methods for identification of jadeite, but they have certain limitations. When the visual identification is ambiguous, the identification of infrared spectroscopy instruments can play an important role, but special attention must be paid to distinguishing the insects used in A cargo Jade. Epoxy resin for wax and Jade B, C or B+C. In this way, the most effective method of distinguishing A, B and C emerald is Raman spectroscopy.

Magnifying Glass Seeing Jade Conveniently Universal We know that the history of emerald dyeing is very long and may exceed 100 years; the history of emerald etching, jade etching, plastic injection and dyeing has also been around for decades. When the technology of emerald eroding and lacquering has just emerged in the Burmese and Thai-Burma border areas, the international jewellery world is in awe-inspiring. Gemologists could not identify at that time, so that in the next 20 years, the Jade Trading International As a result, the market has failed.

Today, after unremitting efforts, gemologists have figured out a set of effective identification methods. Observe whether there are any untreated fly fins, emerald lines, orange peel ripples, etc. on the surface of jadeite; whether there are acid etching patterns, filling cracks, "trachoma", "sand pits", "filling glue" related to acid etching. Pits, etc. The latter are all related to the acid-washed pores filled with colloids. They are only different in shape. These are the marks of B and C cargo. For the identification of the color, see if the measured jadeite has a color root; the color is a clear sudden transition with the surrounding ground, or a fuzzy, gradual transition; whether the color is installed; whether there is noise, especially whether there is yellow Secondary creatures exist. There are no color roots, floating colors, daze, injustice and the ground is very white and clean, etc. are all treated jade color characteristics. In addition, A cargo Jade glass shine, sub-glass luster, and B cargo Jade is a resin luster, grease luster or waxy luster, reflective performance is significantly worse - this is the identification of the luster of jade.

Visual observation with the aid of a magnifying glass is a highly specialized gemologist's favorite show. However, such identification is also an eye-opener. For example, there are sometimes ambiguities between the physical properties of waxing optimization and injection molding. At this time, it is required to use the instrument to obtain accurate data or spectra to explain the problem. Therefore, it is necessary to use modern instruments to detect jadeite.

Raman spectroscopy is the safest way to measure jadeite. Now, in order to improve credit, some commercial appraisal agencies have also begun to bid farewell to the era of intuition and visual inspection of the conclusions of the appraisal, and have used infrared spectrometers to identify and issue certificates. For example, Hong Kong's jade products manufacturers will purchase infrared spectrometers in the 1990s to provide more authoritative certificates for the industry.

However, “the height of a road is one foot, and the height of the magic is high.” With the improvement of jade processing technology, there is no time for infrared spectrometers. For example, when an infrared spectrum identifies an organic polymer, can this jadeite be identified as Jade B, C, or B+C? “We know that the paraffin wax (also known as 'chuanchuan wax') or white wax used in the waxing process is an organic polymer, and the processing of this jade a cargo is allowed and accepted by the industry. Under this circumstance, the key to the identification is how to effectively distinguish between the wax used in the waxing process and the epoxy used in the plastic injection process, since both are organic polymers and the infrared spectra are very similar, so the infrared spectrometer can distinguish The rate is difficult to guarantee an effective distinction between the two,” said Wang Chunyun. “At this time, even advanced commercial appraisal institutions equipped with infrared spectrometers are powerless. Past textbooks tell us that organic highs have been detected in jade jewelry. The numerator, which is usually the evidence of B goods handling jadeite, is very misleading, especially misleading our commercial appraisers.I guess: Yao Zheng, director of the Jade Collection Committee of the Chinese Collectors Association, said the use of modern machines led to 99% of the Qing Dynasty jadeite The results of the identification show that it is a B product, which is probably related to the results of the identification of organic macromolecules by an infrared spectrometer."

Therefore, in the infrared spectrum can not distinguish between the wax used in Jade A cargo and epoxy resin used in Jade B cargo, you need to use more advanced equipment, which is Raman spectroscopy. The Raman spectroscopic identification technology can only be found in some national-level academic research institutes. For example, the Key Laboratory of Minerals and Mineralization of the Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry of the Chinese Academy of Sciences is equipped with two such instruments. Raman spectroscopy study found that the organic polymer contained in Jade contains a distinct peak in the wavenumber range from 2800 to 3100, but the peak of Sichuan wax is at the wavenumbers of 2848 and 2882, and the peak of the epoxy resin is at 2869, 2905, and 3069. Wavenumber, the two are obviously different; not only that, there are several spectral peaks of 1116, 1189, and 1611 in the wavenumber range of 1100 to 1700 for epoxy resin, and this is impossible for the white wax. Therefore, the application of Raman spectroscopy can accurately distinguish between wax and epoxy resin. By the same token, Raman spectroscopy can accurately identify and distinguish the coated glass of Jade B's goods.

However, regardless of the detection method, the professional knowledge it uses is very difficult for the average consumer to grasp. Therefore, we recommend that consumers should purchase jade jewelry from the best-known gemstone store, and must be returned by the authority. The identification certificate issued by the accreditation body. If you don't feel at ease, then look for a professional appraisal instrument and you'll quickly come up with the right results and the best insurance.